Thaum tswj hwm cov chaw tsim khoom siv roj lossis LNG txais cov chaw nres tsheb, cov neeg tswj xyuas cov cuab yeej ntsib kev nyuaj siab: tswj kev nyab xeeb, xau-kev ua haujlwm dawb ntawm qhov kub poob mus rau -196℃. ACryostar twj tso kua mis mechanical sealyog ib tug engineered sealing tivthaiv tshwj xeeb tsim los tswj cov huab cua cryogenic ib puag ncig. Cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj no tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj cov pa roj liquefied xws li oxygen, nitrogen, argon, thiab LNG hauv Cryostar twj, siv cov tshuab nqus hlau thiab cov khoom tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv thermal shock, tiv thaiv cov khoom embrittlement, thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm raws li qhov xav tau qis tshaj - qhov kub thiab txias.
Nkag siab txog Cryostar Pump Mechanical Seals
Cov Ntsiab Cai Ua Haujlwm thiab Kev Tsim Kev Cai
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm lub tshuab foob nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thov cryogenic yog kom muaj lub siab ncaj ncees thaum tso cai rau qhov tseem ceeb thermal contraction. Cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj yog ib yam, tab sis cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj rau cov twj Cryostar yuav tsum tau nrog ntau cov teeb meem sib txawv - cov kua uas cog lus tseem ceeb ntawm chilling, cov ntaub ntawv uas ua nkig ntawm qhov kub thiab txias tsis tu ncua ntawm cov dej khov tsim los ntawm huab cua noo.
Rau cov ntawv thov no, hlau nqus cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua. Lub rooj sib txoos ua ke ua haujlwm ua tus tswv cuab hloov tau yooj yim uas tso cai rau lub zog txav thiab thermal expansion thaum lub sij hawm kub caij tsheb kauj vab. Qhov yooj yim zam tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau uas yuav ua rau lub foob tsis ua haujlwm. MFLC12 tsim yog tsim los rau Burgmann yuav tsum nrog ntug-welded bellows ntawm tshwj xeeb alloys xws li Inconel 718 los yog AM350 stainless hlau. Cov ntaub ntawv no khaws cia txhua yam kev ncaj ncees nrog rov qab thermal shock los ntawm ambient mus rau cryogenic kub.
Lub ntsej muag sealing feem ntau yog sib xyaw ntawm silicon carbide thiab carbon graphite lossis tungsten carbide uas muab qhov cuam tshuam tiag tiag rau cov kua dej. Cov ntsej muag no yuav tsum khiav yam tsis muaj lubrication sab nraud hauv kev ua haujlwm cryogenic thiab nyob ntawm seb cov txheej txheem txheej txheem dej rau lubrication. Qhov no qhuav- muaj peev xwm khiav tau yog ib qho tseem ceeb raws li cov pa roj carbon monoxide ua tau zoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
Kev xaiv cov khoom siv rau ib puag ncig hnyav
Kev xaiv cov khoom muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog lub foob kev ntseeg siab thiab kev pabcuam lub neej. "Los ntawm ntau xyoo dhau los ntawm kev paub dhau los, peb tau kawm tias cov ntaub ntawv txheej txheem tsuas yog tsis tuaj yeem muaj sia nyob hauv cov pa oxygen lossis LNG cov kev pabcuam. Cov pa roj carbon graphite rau lub ntsej muag foob yog npaj tshwj xeeb rau LOX kev pabcuam los tiv thaiv oxidation thiab kom muaj kev sib txhuam qis.
Kev saib xyuas yog coj mus kuaj austenitic stainless hlau rau ductility ntawm -196℃rau cov khoom hlau. Qee daim ntawv thov xav tau Monel lossis Inconel alloys rau kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev hauv kev tuav cov kua dej hnyav. Lub tshuab nqus tsev nws tus kheej yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom uas muaj ntau lab tus flexing cycles thiab xav tau cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias tsis zoo. Cov neeg tsim khoom feem ntau sim cov khoom siv no siv lub voj voog ntawm cov dej khov thiab cov kev sim flexure kom rov ua dua xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm kev ntxhov siab hauv lub sijhawm luv.
Seal Configurations thiab Application Matching
Muaj peb qhov qauv tsim, txhua qhov haum rau cov kev ua haujlwm sib txawv. Balanced seals disperse cov hydraulic rog thoob plaws lub sealing ntsej muag nyob rau hauv siab - kev siv siab mus txog 50 bar, yog li txo qis kev sib cuag thiab ua rau lub neej ua haujlwm. Cov qauv tsim tsis sib xws yog tsim rau cov kev pabcuam tsis tshua muaj siab thaum kev simplicity thiab kev ua kom zoo dua yog qhov tseem ceeb. Cartridge ntsaws ruaj ruaj yog muab los ua tiav cov rooj sib txoos, uas ua rau lub sijhawm ua haujlwm luv luv thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev txhim kho tsis raug - qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb thaum lub sijhawm tu ncua ntawm LNG cov chaw uas lub sijhawm poob qis yuav raug nqi ntau dua $ 100,000 ib hnub nrogMFLC12 Cryogenic foob.
MFLC12 hlau bellows foob tsim yog tsim los kom haum rau feem ntau nrov Cryostar twj tso kua mis tsim siv nyob rau hauv cua sib cais units thiab LNG chaw. Qhov kev xaiv cartridge tso cai rau cov neeg ua haujlwm saib xyuas los hloov tag nrho cov foob pob ua ke ua ib yam khoom, tsis txhob xav tau kev ntsuas nyuaj thiab kev hloov kho. Qhov kev muaj peev xwm no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaum ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm txwv thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv.
Kev txhim kho thiab kev saib xyuas zoo tshaj plaws
Cov txheej txheem installation kom raug
Kev txhim kho kom zoo ntawm cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj pib deb ua ntej tus ciaj ntswj puas tau kov lub tshuab. Tshawb xyuas lub ntsej muag kom huv si thiab mob, lub hauv siab rau kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev tuav thiab tag nrho cov gaskets thiab O-rings kom raug qhov loj me thiab sib haum nrog cov kua dej ua ntej kev teeb tsa. Cov khoom siv hauv cov pa oxygen yuav tsum tau ntxuav cov pa kom tshem tawm cov kab mob hydrocarbon uas tuaj yeem ua rau hluav taws kub.
Nws yog ib qho teeb meem ceev faj hauv kev npaj cov ncej. Qhov saum npoo ntawm ncej yuav tsum ua kom tiav cov txheej txheem roughness feem ntau Ra 0.4 μm lossis ntau dua thiab yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov sib tw, corrosion lossis eccentric hnav qauv pom. Yog tias cov txheej txheem pib, txawm tias me me ntawm cov ncej puas tuaj yeem ua rau lub ntsej muag tawg sai sai. Kev khiav tawm yuav tsum tau saib xyuas thiab sau tseg, kev khiav tawm ntau dhau yog qhov qhia tau hais tias muaj teeb meem ntawm cov kabmob uas yuav ua rau lub foob tsis ua haujlwm ntxov tsis hais qhov zoo ntawm lub foob.
Cov kws kho mob yuav tsum nruj me ntsis ua raws li cov kev cai torque thoob plaws hauv kev sib dhos. Tshaj -tightening tej zaum yuav deform sealing Cheebtsam thiab muab txoj kev xau. Yog tias cov khoom nyob hauv qab -torqued lawv tuaj yeem swb hauv kev pabcuam. Nrog cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj, cov txheej txheem no yooj yim dua li cov chaw tsim khoom txhais qhov loj me thiab kev hloov kho sab hauv. Tom qab kev teeb tsa, kev sim siab siv cov pa roj nitrogen ua tiav los xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj ua ntej ntxiv cov kua dej cryogenic. Cov theem no kuaj pom kev teeb tsa yuam kev ua ntej lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb cov xwm txheej lossis cov khoom poob.
Cov Sijhawm Saib Xyuas thiab Saib Xyuas
Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yuav ua rau lub neej ntev ntev thiab zam kev tsis ua haujlwm tam sim ntawd. Peb thov kom muaj kev saib xyuas kev tswj hwm uas suav nrog kev tshuaj xyuas ib ntus ntawm lub foob chamber kub, bearing cov qib kev co hauv vaj tse thiab cov cim qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem kua dej. Kev soj ntsuam kev vibration kuj tseem tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov kabmob hnav ua ntej nws ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj, tso cai rau cov neeg ua haujlwm saib xyuas kev kho thaum lub sijhawm teem sijhawm tsis raug kaw.
Hom foob lub neej nyob rau hauv optimized cryogenic cov kev pab cuam yog 15,000 mus rau 25,000 lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm, txawm li cas los xij tiag tiag lifespan yog heev nyob ntawm seb qhov kev khiav hauj lwm thiab cov txheej txheem tu. Cov chaw uas muaj cov pa purity siab lossis ze rau qhov siab tshaj plaws rau cov qauv foob yuav muaj sijhawm luv dua. Hauv qhov sib piv, zoo - tswj cov kua nitrogen los yog argon daim ntawv thov niaj hnub tshaj li qhov kwv yees lub neej ntev.
Thaum lub sij hawm turnarounds cov kev soj ntsuam yuav tsum tau sau seal lub ntsej muag coj qauv, bellows mob thiab lwm yam sealing degradation. Cov kev soj ntsuam no qhia txog cov kev xaiv hloov pauv thiab qee zaus txheeb xyuas qhov kev ua yuam kev uas xav tau kev kho. Cavitation kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub ntsej muag foob qhia txog kev nqus sab hauv lub twj tso kua mis, tsis yog foob foob.
Sib piv Cryostar Mechanical Seals nrog Kev Ua Lag Luam
Kev ntsuas kev ua tau zoo
Cov neeg tswj xyuas kev yuav khoom ib txwm yuav ntsuas qhov tshwj xeeb thiab lub peev xwm xa khoom thaum txiav txim siab xaiv cov foob. Tus thawj Burgmann MFLC12 yog tus qauv kev lag luam rau kev siv Cryostar twj tso kua mis thiab tau pom tias muaj kev ruaj khov nyob hauv ntau txhiab qhov chaw teeb tsa thoob ntiaj teb. Lwm cov tuam txhab lag luam, xws li Uttox, tau tsim cov qauv sib piv uas sib npaug los yog zoo dua li OEM specs, tab sis ntawm tus nqi txuag ntawm 40-60% ntawm cov khoom qub.
Cov ntsuas kev ua tau zoo tseem ceeb suav nrog tus nqi xau nyob rau hauv kev teeb tsa ua haujlwm, txhais tau tias lub sijhawm ntawm kev ua tsis tiav thiab thermal shock tsis kam thaum pib -up/shut- down cycles. Cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb ywj pheej qhia tau hais tias thaum tsim kom raug, cov hlau nqus cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj los ntawm cov tuam txhab muaj ntawv pov thawj tau pom cov pa xau tsawg dua 100 ppm, feem ntau hauv qab ib puag ncig thiab kev nyab xeeb rau cov chaw muaj roj.
Compatibility yog ib qho teeb meem uas yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xav. Kev hloov pauv zoo yuav tsum muaj qhov sib hloov tau nrog cov khoom OEM, tab sis yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov qauv khoom siv rau kev pabcuam. Uttox daws qhov no los ntawm kev tsim cov MFLC12 tsim nyob rau hauv tag nrho seem conformance nrog Burgmann specifications, ua kom ncaj hloov tsis muaj kev hloov kho khoom siv.
Tag Nrho Cov Nqi Ntawm Cov Tswv Cuab Kev Ntsuam Xyuas
Cov pab pawg muag khoom ntse xav txog tag nrho cov nqi tswv cuab, tsis yog tus nqi pib yuav khoom xwb. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no suav nrog tus nqi ntawm kev yuav khoom, kev teeb tsa kev ua haujlwm, lub neej kev pab cuam, kev xav tau kev saib xyuas thiab kev lag luam ntawm qhov tsis tau pom dua. Thaum koj suav nrog cov nqi kho mob thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev thiab cov khoom lag luam poob, $ 8,000 foob uas kav ntev li 20,000 teev yog tus nqi zoo dua li $ 5,000 foob uas kav 8,000 teev.
Qhov kev sib npaug no tau tsav los ntawm kev lav phib xaub thiab kev txhawb nqa kev muaj peev xwm. Cov neeg muag khoom muab kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem pab koj txhim kho kev ua haujlwm foob thiab daws teeb meem sai sai thaum lawv tshwm sim. Qhov kev pab no tshwj xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev teeb tsa tshiab lossis thaum txuas mus rau cov ntawv thov tshiab.
Kev Yuav Cryostar Pump Mechanical Seals: Yam Koj Yuav Tsum Paub
Kev txheeb xyuas qhov hloov kho kom raug
Kev txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb kom tsis txhob yuam kev yuam kev thiab qeeb. Cov cim foob ib txwm muaj cov qauv series (piv txwv li, MFLC12), qhov loj me uas qhia txog qhov ntev ntawm lub tog raj kheej thiab lub foob chamber qhov ntev, thiab cov ntaub ntawv cov cai uas txheeb xyuas lub ntsej muag foob thiab elastomer possibilities. Hla -Kev xa cov lej OEM nrog cov khoom lag luam catalogs ua kom pom tseeb qhov loj thiab cov khoom sib haum.
Rau cov ntawv thov Cryostar twj tso kua mis, cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias hloov cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj tau pom zoo rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov pa oxygen, yog tias tsim nyog. Cov no suav nrog kev tiv thaiv- lub tes tsho taws thiab tuav lub nplhaib tsim tawm uas tshem tawm cov hlau- mus rau - hlau tiv tauj uas tuaj yeem muab qhov hluav taws kub kub hauv cov xwm txheej nplua nuj oxygen. Uttox tsim thiab tsim cov hlau cryogenic cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj nrog cov ntsiab lus kev nyab xeeb tsim hauv thiab ua raws li cov qauv nruj rau kev siv LOX.
Cov txheej txheem xaiv tus neeg muab khoom
Muaj ntau ntau yam uas yuav tsum tau xav txog thaum nrhiav ib qhocryogenic mechanical foobtus kws kho mob ntxiv rau tus nqi. Manufacturing Muaj peev xwm. Puas yog tus neeg muag khoom muaj cov khoom siv vuam zoo los tsim cov tshuab hlau? Puas yog lawv helium leak kuaj cov kev sib dhos ua tiav? Lawv puas muaj cov ntaub ntawv xeem cov khoom uas qhia tau hais tias tsis tshua muaj qhov kub thiab txias mechanical zog?
Muaj cov ntawv pov thawj zoo xws li ISO 9001 uas qhia txog kev tswj xyuas zoo, tab sis koj tau zoo dua nrog kev lag luam- cov kev tsim nyog tshwj xeeb. Cov neeg muab khoom lag luam muab kev lag luam roj av yuav tsum paub txog cov txheej txheem ntxuav cov pa oxygen, hloov pauv nrog API 682 cov kev cai foob thiab tswj xyuas kev taug qab rau txhua yam khoom siv hauv kev tsim cov foob.
Kev npaj yuav khoom yog cuam tshuam los ntawm lub sijhawm ua cov khoom lag luam thiab cov txheej txheem khoom muag. Qee tus kws kho mob muaj cov khoom lag luam ntawm qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab tuaj yeem xa ncaj qha mus. Lwm tus ua kom xaj nrog lub sij hawm txhuas ntawm 6 mus rau 8 lub lis piam. Kev nqis peev peev hauv cov khoom lag luam zoo tshaj plaws rau lub hom phiaj- cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb ua rau muaj kev nkag siab zoo. Thaum muaj teeb meem tshwm sim, kev sib txuas zoo nrog cov neeg muag khoom uas nkag siab txog koj cov kev xav tau kev khiav hauj lwm yuav them tawm hauv kev pabcuam sai thiab kev daws teeb meem.
Xaus
Kev tswj cov twj tso kua mis cryogenic xav tau kev saib xyuas rau txhua yam uas sawv cev ntawm kev ua haujlwm nyab xeeb thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj.Cryostar twj tso kua mis mechanical sealcov khoom tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov twj Cryostar daws cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj siab - kev pabcuam kub los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb, cov cuab yeej siv pov thawj pov thawj, thiab cov yam ntxwv kev nyab xeeb xws li tiv thaiv - teeb taws kev tsim kho. Txawm hais tias qhia txog OEM cov khoom lossis cov kev xaiv tsim nyog xws li Uttox MFLC12, kev txiav txim siab yuav khoom yuav tsum sib npaug cov nqi pib tiv thaiv lub sijhawm ntev - kev ntseeg siab, tus neeg muag khoom muaj peev xwm txhawb nqa, thiab ua raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb. Cov kev sib khi uas koj xaiv ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, cov nqi tu, thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm rau xyoo tom ntej, ua kom paub txog kev koom tes nrog cov neeg muag khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li cov khoom lawv tus kheej.
FAQ
1.Vim li cas cryogenic cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj ua tsis tiav ntxov hauv qee qhov kev teeb tsa?
Ntau yam ua rau muaj kev foob thaum ntxov nyob rau hauv qis - daim ntawv thov kub. Thermal shock thaum lub sij hawm ceev cooldown ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si hlau thiab ceramic Cheebtsam. Kev npaj ntawm qhov chaw tsis txaus-tshwj xeeb tshaj yog roughness ntau dhau los yog runout- ua rau kom ceev lub ntsej muag hnav. Kev sib kis thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hydrocarbon residues hauv kev pabcuam oxygen, tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo uas rhuav tshem cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj tam sim. Cov kab ke muaj cavitation lossis khiav tawm sab nraud cov hnab ntawv ua haujlwm tau raug kaw rau cov xwm txheej dhau ntawm lawv qhov kev txwv. Kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua thiab ua raws li cov chaw tsim khoom siv cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa ua kom muaj kev pab cuam lub neej ntev.
2.Kuv puas tuaj yeem siv tib lub foob tsim rau cov kua dej sib txawv?
Thaum hlau nqus cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj tuav ntau cov kua dej cryogenic, cov khoom siv sib raug zoo yuav tsum tau ua pov thawj rau txhua daim ntawv thov. Cov pa oxygen ua haujlwm xav tau cov pa oxygen- ntxuav cov khoom siv nrog cov ntaub ntawv pom zoo uas yuav tsis kub hnyiab hauv qhov siab - oxygen concentrations. Cov kua nitrogen thiab argon feem ntau tsis xav tau tshuaj lom neeg tab sis tseem xav tau qis - cov khoom siv kub. Cov pa roj carbon dioxide nthuav tawm cov kev sib tw sib txawv vim nws cov yam ntxwv sublimation. MFLC12 tus qauv tsim haum rau cov ntawv thov oxygen, nitrogen, argon, thiab carbon dioxide thaum tau teev tseg nrog cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog thiab cov txheej txheem tu rau cov kev pabcuam npaj.
3.Uttox MFLC12 hloov foob piv rau Burgmann li cas?
Uttox tsim cov MFLC12 raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv rau Burgmann tsim, tswj kev sib hloov tag nrho rau Cryostar twj tso kua mis. Qhov tseeb -welded hlau bellows kev tsim kho, tiv thaiv- qhov ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb rau LOX cov kev pabcuam, thiab cov khoom siv xws li Inconel 718 bellows nrog silicon carbide lossis tungsten carbide foob ntsej muag phim OEM specifications. Tus nqi zoo ntawm 40-60% ua rau Uttox version txaus nyiam rau kev ua kom zoo dua yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam kev nyab xeeb lossis kev ua haujlwm. Kev soj ntsuam ywj pheej txheeb xyuas cov nqi xau thiab kev ntseeg tau ua haujlwm raws li cov qauv kev lag luam rau kev siv roj thiab LNG.
Koom tes nrog Uttox rau Kev Txhim Kho Cryogenic Sealing Solutions
Raws li kev paub txog cov khoom siv foob pob hluav taws xob nrog ntau tshaj peb xyoos ntawm kev paub txog engineering, Uttox nkag siab txog kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb uas cov tswj hwm cov cuab yeej ntsib txhua hnub. Peb MFLC12 hlau bellows foob muab pov thawj kev ntseeg tau raws li ib tugCryostar twj tso kua mis mechanical sealnyob rau hauv Cryostar twj tso kua mis ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv industrial gas chaw, LNG terminals, thiab huab cua sib cais units thoob ntiaj teb. Pab neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Uttox muab kev txhawb nqa daim ntawv thov, pab koj xaiv cov khoom siv zoo rau koj qhov chaw tshwj xeeb cryogenic thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo.
Peb khaws cov khoom lag luam npaj txhij ntawm ntau qhov sib foob los txhawb koj lub sijhawm saib xyuas nrog kev xa khoom sai, txo cov khoom siv poob qis thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv. Peb cov txheej txheem tswj kev ua tau zoo suav nrog kev kuaj helium leak, cryogenic so verification, thiab ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj kom ua tau raws li cov kev cai nruj ntawm koj pab pawg kev nyab xeeb thiab kev yuav khoom. Hu rau peb cov kws tshaj lij engineering ntawm info@uttox.com lossis hu rau peb ntawm WhatsApp ntawm +86-13656834410 los tham txog koj lub twj tso kua mis cryogenic tshuab foob thiab tau txais cov ncauj lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws raws li koj daim ntawv thov.
Cov ntaub ntawv
1. Smith, JR & Anderson, KL (2021). Mechanical Seals rau Cryogenic Daim Ntawv Thov: Tsim Cov Ntsiab Cai thiab Kev Xaiv Khoom. Muaj Xovxwm.
2. International Institute of Refrigeration (2020). Cov qauv kev nyab xeeb rau cov khoom siv Cryogenic hauv Industrial Gas Facilities. IIR Technical Guidelines Series.
3. Chen, M. & Roberts, P. (2019). "Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Hlau Bellows Seals hauv LNG Kev Pabcuam." Phau ntawv Journal of Cryogenic Engineering, Vol. 45(3), pp. 287-304.
4. American Petroleum Institute (2019). API Standard 682: Pumps -Ntaus Sealing Systems rau Centrifugal thiab Rotary Pumps. 4th Edition.
5. Thompson, DW (2022). Cryogenic Pump Systems: Kev khiav hauj lwm thiab kev saib xyuas zoo tshaj plaws. Technical Publishing International.
6. European Industrial Gases Association (2018). Material Compatibility thiab kev nyab xeeb yuav tsum tau rau cov kua Oxygen Service. EIGA Cov Ntaub Ntawv 33/18.
